Compostable vs biodegradable: What is the difference?

Compostable vs biodegradable items are easily recognizable on the packaging. Read the article below to learn the difference between compostable vs biodegradable materials.

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What Does “Biodegradable” Mean?

Definition and Process

Biodegradable materials are designed to break down naturally in the environment through the action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. This decomposition process can take a significant amount of time, ranging from a few months to several years, depending on various factors such as the environment where the material is disposed of (e.g., landfill versus natural settings).

It's important to note that while biodegradable products do break down, they may not always leave the environment free of harmful residues. In many cases, they can leave behind toxic substances or microplastics, unless they have been certified to meet specific standards for biodegradability.

Examples of Biodegradable Products

• Biodegradable plastic bags: Often made from starch blends, these bags aim to reduce plastic waste, but their effectiveness can vary based on disposal conditions.
• Biodegradable straws: Made from plant-based materials or starch, these straws offer a greener alternative but may not degrade as intended if they end up in landfills.
• Some paper products: These include items with minimal coatings that allow for easier breakdown in nature.

These products are built on the premise of natural decomposition and contribute to biodegradable waste that, under the right conditions, will return to the earth.

What Does “Compostable” Mean?

Definition and Key Characteristics

Compostable items take biodegradation a step further. They break down into non-toxic, nutrient-rich compost within a specific timeframe, typically within 180 days in an industrial composting facility. This process not only ensures that the material decomposes but also creates a beneficial soil amendment that can support plant growth.

A key characteristic of compostable materials is that they leave no harmful residue after they decompose. This adds an extra layer of environmental benefit as they enrich the soil rather than contribute to pollution.

Types of Compostable Materials

• PLA (polylactic acid) cups and utensils: Made from renewable plant sources like corn, these products can compost when processed correctly.
• Bagasse (sugarcane fiber) food containers: These containers are not only compostable but also offer excellent insulation for hot foods.
• Certified compostable films, liners, or mailers: Used widely in packaging, these items guarantee that they’ll break down under composting conditions.
• Home compostable items: If clearly labeled, these products can be added to backyard compost bins, allowing individuals to contribute to sustainable practices at home.

Understanding the composting process and the significance of nutrient return is vital for those looking to make environmentally responsible choices.

Key Differences Between Biodegradable and Compostable

Breakdown Conditions

End Result

• Biodegradable: Materials may break down over time but can leave behind harmful microplastics or chemical residues.
• Compostable: Contributes to nutrient-rich soil and eliminates harmful byproducts.

Certification & Regulation

• Biodegradable: There are generally no strict certifications required, leading to variability in product claims.
• Compostable: Requires certification from recognized bodies (such as BPI or TUV) to ensure compliance with environmental standards.

Understanding the difference between biodegradable and compostable materials is crucial for making informed decisions about our consumption and waste management practices. The terms cannot be used interchangeably, as they represent different processes and outcomes.

This distinction not only affects our current purchasing habits but also has long-term implications on the health of our planet. As consumers, it's our responsibility to discern which products

Why Compostable Is the Better Choice for Sustainable Living

Eco-Safety

Compostable materials offer a guaranteed non-toxic breakdown. When compostable items decompose, they transform into nutrient-rich soil without releasing harmful chemicals into the environment. This stands in stark contrast to some biodegradable products that may still contain toxic substances, leading to potential soil and water contamination.

By promoting a circular economy, compostable materials help return essential nutrients back to the earth. In natural ecosystems, organic matter decomposes and enriches the soil, fostering healthy plant growth. When we incorporate compostable products into our daily lives, we contribute to this natural process and enhance soil health.

Clearer Standards

Compostable items come with regulated standards and specific labeling that guide consumers on proper disposal methods. These labels provide clarity, ensuring that individuals understand how to correctly dispose of their waste. In contrast, the term "biodegradable" can be vague, leading to confusion about whether a product will decompose in a landfill or requires special conditions.

Moreover, compostable materials support green waste programs, which are increasingly adopted by municipalities. By using clearly marked compostable items, consumers can participate effectively in local waste management systems, making a direct positive impact on their communities.

Ideal for Foodservice & Packaging

Compostable containers, utensils, and bags are especially suited for zero-waste foodservice models. Many restaurants and cafes are shifting towards compostable solutions to minimize their environmental footprint. These products not only facilitate waste reduction but also resonate with environmentally conscious customers.

Kimecopak offers fully certified compostable solutions that meet various business needs. Choosing compostable packaging is a straightforward way for foodservice operators to align with sustainability goals while preventing plastic waste from polluting our planet.

How to Properly Dispose of Each

Biodegradable Products

While biodegradable products may seem like an eco-friendly choice, many often end up in landfills, where conditions hinder their breakdown process. Without adequate oxygen and microbial activity, these items might not decompose as intended, potentially contributing to methane emissions.

Typically, biodegradable products should be kept separate from recyclables. Unfortunately, in many regions, no specialized bin exists for their disposal, leading to increased chances of contamination within recycling streams.

Compostable Products

If available in your area, compostable products should be disposed of in municipal composting systems. These facilities provide the ideal environment for compostable materials to break down efficiently and return nutrients to the soil.

It's crucial to avoid mixing compostables with recycling materials, as this can compromise the quality of the recycling stream. For those opting for backyard composting, look for items labeled "Home Compostable," which indicates they can safely break down in smaller, home-based composting systems.

Conclusion

In summary, compostable materials represent a stricter, safer, and truly eco-friendly option compared to the often misused broader term "biodegradable." For both consumers and businesses who prioritize sustainability, choosing compostable products is a responsible step toward creating a cleaner, healthier planet.